Foreword vii
Acknowledgments ix
1. Reservoir Engineering 1
1.1 Volume Calculations 1
1.2 Drive Mechanisms 10
1.3 Stages of Production 12
1.4 Well Performance 16
1.5 Secondary Recovery Processes 19
1.6 Tertiary Recovery Processes 28
1.7 Reserves Estimations 30
1.8 Unconventional Reservoirs 33
2. Drilling Engineering 41
2.1 General Information 41
2.2 Geomechanics 42
2.3 Drilling Fluids 43
2.4 Fluid Mechanics 46
2.5 Well Control 47
2.6 Drilling Mechanics 52
2.7 Tubular Mechanics 54
2.8 Casing Design 55
2.9 Cementing 58
2.10 Well Planning 58
3. Formation Evaluation 75
3.1 Archie’s Water Saturation 75
3.2 Formation Resistivity Factor 75
3.3 Flushed-Zone Water Saturation 76
3.4 Porosity Calculations From Sonic Data 76
3.5 Young’s Modulus 76
3.6 Bulk Modulus 77
3.7 Shear Modulus 77
3.8 Poisson’s Ratio 77
3.9 D-Exponent 78
3.10 Porosity/Bulk Density 78
3.11 Saturation 79
3.12 Skin Calculations 81
3.13 Horizontal Flow Influx Equations 84
4. Production Engineering 111
4.1 Inflow/Outflow Performance 111
4.2 Impact of Length and Force Changes to the Tubing String 115
4.3 Tubing Design 116
4.4 Perforating 123
4.5 Acidizing 123
4.6 Fracturing 124
4.7 Well Production Problems 127
4.8 Artificial Lift 129
5. Facilities 145
5.1 Separation Units 145
5.2 Treating and Processing Units 148
5.3 Pumps 152
5.4 Compressors 156
5.5 Pipelines 160
5.6 Flow Measurements Units 169
5.7 Storage Facilities 174
6. Petroleum Economics 187
6.1 Valuation of Oil and Gas Reserves 187
6.2 Reservoir Management 188
6.3 Investment Decision Analysis 190
6.4 Risk Analysis 191
7. Conversion Factors 197
Length 197
Mass 197
Force 197
Gravitational Acceleration 197
Pressure 198
Volume 198
Density 198
Velocity 198
Temperature 198
Energy 198
Power 198
Gas Constant 198
Viscosity 198
Constants 199
References and Additional Reading 200
Appendix 203
Index 211