Fundamentals of Drilling Engineering

Robert F. Mitchell is a Halliburton Fellow in the Drilling and Evaluation Division of Halliburton. Previously, he was vice president of Enertech Engineering and Research Company from 1980 to 1996 and worked at Exxon Production Research Co from 1973 to 1980. Mitchell has published more than 80 papers on wellbore and well completion problems. He edited the Drilling Engineering volume of SPE's 2007 Petroleum Engineering Handbook and is currently lead editor for the SPE textbook Fundamentals of Drilling Engineering. He has served as a technical editor for several peer-reviewed journals and served as the Executive Editor of SPE Drilling & Completion. Mitchell holds BA, MME, and PhD degrees from Rice University. He was the recipient of the 2005 SPE Drilling Engineering Award.

 

Stefan Z. Miska is currently Jonathan Detwiler Endowed Chair Professor of Petroleum Engineering and Director of Tulsa University Drilling Research Projects (TUDRP) at The University of Tulsa (TU). He obtained his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Mining and Metallurgy in Cracow, Poland. Over the years, he has taught at his Alma Mater, at the Norwegian Institute of Technology and New Mexico Tech. In 1992 he joined TU as Chair of its P.E. Department. Miska published over 160 technical papers and contributed to several books. His current research interests are focused on wellbore hydraulics, mechanics of tubulars and directional drilling. He is involved with the SPE in many ways; he has served as Technical Editor for Drilling and Completion and is a member of the Drilling and Completion Advisory Committee. He was also the recipient of the 2000 Distinguished Petroleum Engineering Faculty, 2003 Outstanding Technical Editor and the 2004 Drilling Engineering awards. Miska also serves on the JPT Editorial Committee.

Table of Contents

Notes from the Editors  v
Acknowledgements  ix
About the Authors  x

1.  Introduction to Rotary Drilling  1  
     J.C. Cunha, Petrobras, and Ross Kastor, Antelope Engineering

 1.1  Foreward  1
 1.2  History of Drilling  1
 1.3  The Drilling Team  5
 1.4  Drilling Rigs  7
 1.5  Drilling Rig System 15
 1.6  Marine Drilling 36
 1.7  Drilling Cost Analysis  40

2.  Introduction to Geomechanics in Drilling  55
     Bernt S. Aadnoy, University of Stavanger 

 2.1  Borehole Stability Analysis for Vertical Wells 55
 2.2  Borehole Stability Analysis for Inclined Wells  73
 2.3  General Methodology for Analysis of Wellbore Stability  76
 2.4  Empirical Correlations  80

3.  Drilling Fluids  87
     A.W. Eustes III, Colorado School of Mines

 3.1  Introduction  87 
 3.2  A Brief History of Drilling Fluids  87 
 3.3  Functions of Drilling Fluids  89
 3.4  Drilling - Fluid Categories  90
 3.5  Clay Chemistry  95
 3.6  Estimating Drilling Fluid Properties  98
 3.7  Testing of Drilling Fluids  108
 3.8  Solids Control  124
 3.9  Health, Safety, and Environmental (HSE) Considerations  129

4.  Cementing  139
      Ron Sweatman, Halliburton 

 4.1  Composition of Portland Cement  140
 4.2  Cement Testing  141
 4.3  Standards and Nonstandard Drilling Cements  145
 4.4  Cement Additives  149
 4.5  Cement Placement Techniquest  160
 4.6  Well Parameters Affecting Cement Design and Operations  173

5.  Drilling Hydraulics
     Vassillos C. Kelessidis, Technical University of Crete, Roberto Maglione, Eni Agip, and Robert F. Mitchell, Halliburton 
     
 5.1  Introduction to Drilling Hydraulics  179
 5.2  Hydrostatic Pressure Calculations  180
 5.3  Steady Flow of Drilling Fluids  194
 5.4  Rheological Models of Drilling Fluids  206
 5.5  Laminar Flow in Pipes and Annuli  218
 5.6  Turbulent Flow in Pipes and Annuli  245
 5.7  Frictional Pressure Drop in an Eccentric Annulus  
 5.8  Frictional Pressure Drop With Pipe Movement  265
 5.9  Calculating Steady-State Pressures in a Wellbore  267
 5.10  Dynamic Surge and Swab Pressures  273
 5.11  Cuttings Transport  279

6.  Rotary Drilling Bits  311
     Evren Oxbayoglu, University of Tulsa

 6.1 Introduction  311
 6.2  Bit Types  312
 6.3  Manufacturing and Design of Bits  317
 6.4  IADC Bit-Classification System  326
 6.5 IADC Bit Dull Grading System  331
 6.6  Rock-Failure Mechanism During Drilling  336
 6.7  Wear Mechanism  342
 6.8  ROP  352
 6.9  Economics  363
 6.10  Bit-Operation practices  368

7.  Casing Design  385
     John W. Barker and Jim Powers, ExxonMobil and Robert F. Mitchell, Halliburton 

7.1  Introduction  385 
7.2  Casing Manufacture  387
7.3  Casing Standardization  388
7.4  Line Pipe  391
7.5  Strength of Materials  391
7.6  Casing-Tube Performance Properties  397
7.7  Corrosion  405
7.8  Casing Connections  407
7.9  Casing-program Selection and Design  417
7.10  Probabilistic Reliability-Based Design of Casings  433
7.11  Computer-Based Design of Casings  434
7.12  Casing Stability  436
7.13  Special Casing-Design  Considerations  441

8.  Directional Drilling  449
     Stefan Miska, University of Tulsa

8.1  Fundamentals  of Directional-Well Trajectory Design  449
8.2  Deviation Control  477
8.3  Tool-Deflection Orientation 511
8.4  Method of Vectors and its Application to Directional Drilling  52
8.5  Torque-and-Drag Modeling and Calcuations for 2D Well Profiles  538
8.6  Torque-and-Drag Modeling for 3D Well Profiles  557

9.  Fundamentals of Drillstring Design  585
     Stefan Miska, University of Tulsa

9.1  Introduction  585
9.2  Drill Collars  585
9.3  Drillpipe and Tool Joints  596
9.4  Load Capacity of Drillpipe 610
9.5  Drillstring  Design  615

10.  Drilling Problems  625
       Neal Adams, Neal Adams Services and Alfred W. Eustes III, Colorado School of Mines

10.1  Lost Circulation  625
10.2  Well Control  631
10.3  Pipe Sticking and Fishing Operations  654

Appendix - Proposed Standard Symbols for Drilling Engineering 677

Author Index  681

Subject Index 687

Fundamentals of Drilling Engineering is also available in Adobe Digital Edition.