GUIDELINES FOR APPLICATIONS OF THE CO2 STORAGE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
1.0 INTRODUCTION ... 1
1.1 Rationale for Applications Guidelines ...1
1.2 Complementarity of the PRMS Guidelines ...1
1.3 Key Concepts in CO2 Storage ...1
1.4 Basic Principles and Definitions ...1
1.4.1 Project-Based Resources Evaluations... 1
1.4.2 Storage Resources Classification Framework ... 2
1.5 SRMS Guidelines Scope ...2
2.0 CLASSIFICATION AND CATEGORIZATION GUIDELINES ... 4
2.1 Resources Classification ...4
2.1.1 Introduction ... 4
2.1.2 Determination of Discovery Status .... 6
2.1.3 Determination of Commerciality .... 7
2.1.4 Project Status and Maturation ... 8
2.2 Resources Categorization ...14
2.2.1 Introduction ... 14
2.2.2 Range of Uncertainty ... 14
2.2.3 Considerations for Estimating the Range of Uncertainty in Storable Quantities ... 15
2.2.4 Containment Assessment and Project Maturity ... 17
2.3 Incremental Projects ...19
2.4 Examples of Project Descriptions ...19
3.0 PROJECT EVALUATION AND REPORTING GUIDELINES ... 21
3.1 Commercial Evaluations ...21
3.1.1 Introduction ... 21
3.1.2 Cash-Flow-Based Commercial Evaluations ... 21
3.1.3 Economic Criteria: Development and Analysis of Project Cash Flows ... 22
3.1.4 Regional Storage Resources Assessments Using Notional Projects ... 27
3.2 Injection Measurement and Operational Issues ...28
3.2.1 Introduction ... 28
3.2.2 Background ... 28
3.2.3 Reference Point ... 29
3.2.4 Surface Losses ... 31
3.2.5 Injection Balancing ... 31
3.2.6 Shared Transport or Processing Facilities ... 31
3.2.7 Non-CO2 Constituents in the CO2 Stream ... 31
3.3 Resources Entitlement and Recognition ...32
3.3.1 Introduction ... 32
3.3.2 Regulatory Frameworks and Pore Space Ownership ... 32
3.3.3 Storage Capacity and Resources Recognition ... 32
3.3.4 Contract Storage Resources Entitlement ... 33
3.4 Project Evaluation Examples ...35
3.4.1 Example of Project Evaluation Using UTC .... 35
3.4.2 Chance of Development Evaluation Using UTC ... 38
4.0 ESTIMATING STORABLE QUANTITIES ... 39
4.1 Introduction ...39
4.1.1 Principles ... 39
4.1.2 Approaches to Estimating Storable Quantities ... 40
4.2 Containment Assessment ...41
4.2.1 Wellbore Containment Assessment ... 42
4.2.2 Geologic Containment Assessment ... 44
4.3 Estimation of Storable Quantities Using Volumetric Method ...45
4.3.1 Analog ... 45
4.3.2 Volumetric Equation .... 45
4.3.3 Storage Efficiency Coefficients for Aquifer Storage on Regional Dip or at Basin Scale ... 46
4.3.4 Storage Efficiency Coefficients within a Geologic Structure ... 47
4.3.5 Calculation of the CO2 Density and Column Heights in Structural Traps ... 47
4.4 Traditional and Enhanced Material Balance Methods for CO2 Storage in Depleted Oil and Gas Reservoirs ...47
4.5 Reservoir Simulation Methods ...48
4.5.1 Reservoir Simulations Applied to Aquifer Storage ... 48
4.5.2 Specificities When Applied to Depleted Oil and Gas Reservoirs ... 49
4.6 Injection Performance Trend Analysis ...49
4.7 Estimating the Total Storage Resources (TSR) ...49
4.7.1 Application to Aquifers. ... 50
4.7.2 Application to Depleted Hydrocarbon Reservoirs ... 50
4.7.3 Implications for Basin-Scale Resource Assessments ... 50
4.8 Appendix ...50
Example 1: US DOE Volumetric Method for Resource Assessment ... 50
Example 2: Evaluation of Large-Scale Storage in the Basal Saline System in the Williston and Alberta Basins (after Liu et al. 2014) ... 51
Example 3: Compatibility between Volumetric Methods and Reservoir Simulation Methods to Assess Basin-Scale Resources (after Thibeau et al. 2014) ... 53
Example 4: Goldeneye Depleted Hydrocarbon Reservoir Storage Resources Assessment (after Shell U.K. Limited 2014) ... 54
Example 5: Snøhvit Injection Performance in Tubåen Formation (after Hansen et al. 2013)... 57
Example 6: Reservoir Modeling Applied to Quest Project and Resulting Total Storable Quantities ... 58
Example 7: Volumetric Estimation of the Pore Volume for a Storage Prospect in an Aquifer on Regional Dip (i.e., Outside a Structural Closure) ... 59
5.0 ANALOGY AND DIFFERENCES OF SRMS TO PRMS ... 62
5.1 Overview ...62
5.2 Basic Principles ...62
5.2.1 Resources ... 62
5.3 Classification and Categorization ...62
5.3.1 Discovery Criteria ... 62
5.3.2 Unconventional Storage ... 62
5.4 Evaluation and Reporting ...63
5.4.1 Financial Evidence and Economic Criteria ... 63
5.4.2 Economic Limit ... 63
5.4.3 Reference Point ... 63
5.4.4 Sharing Contracts ... 63
5.5 Estimating Storable Quantities ...63
6.0 DATA USED TO CHARACTERIZE A GEOLOGIC FORMATION FOR A STORAGE PROJECT ... 64
6.1 Overview ...64
6.2 Geologic and Technical Data Types ...64
6.3 Storage-Related Regulatory and Legislative Policy ...67
7.0 CASE STUDIES AND EXAMPLES OF STORAGE RESOURCE CLASSIFICATION ... 68
7.1 Introduction ...68
7.1.1 Discovery Status ... 68
7.2 Storage Resource Classification Example: Captain Sandstone, UK North Sea ...69
7.2.1 Overview of Geology ... 69
7.2.2 CO2 Storage Resource Evaluations ... 70
7.2.3 Storage Resources Associated with Known Captain Sandstone Hydrocarbon Fields ... 71
7.2.4 Captain-X Project: A Development-Scale Site-Specific Open Brine Aquifer ... 73
7.2.5 Captain Sandstone Basin-scale Regional Aquifer Assessments ... 74
7.3 Maturing a Play to Justify Drilling an Appraisal Exploration Well: Petrel Sub-Basin, Australia ...76
7.3.1 Initial Basin Identification .... 76
7.3.2 Identification of Potential Injection Site(s) ... 78
7.3.3 Identification of Alternate Potential Injection Site(s) ... 80
7.4 Storage Resource Classification of a Maturing Project from Play to Injection: Mount Simon Sandstone, USA ...81
8.0 GLOSSARY ... 84
AND
2017 PRINTING - CO2 STORAGE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION ... 1
1.0 Basic Principles and Definitions ... 2
1.1 Storage Resources Classification Framework ... 2
1.2 Project-Based Resources Evaluations ... 6
2.0 CLASSIFICATION AND CATEGORIZATION GUIDELINES ... 8
2.1 Resources Classification ... 8
2.1.1 Determination of Discovery Status
2.1.2 Determination of Commerciality
2.1.3 Project Status and Commercial Risk
2.1.3.1 Project Maturity Subclasses
2.1.3.2 Capacity Status
2.1.3.3 Economic Status
2.2 Resources Categorization ... 12
2.2.1 Range of Uncertainty
2.2.2 Category Definitions and Guidelines
2.3 Incremental Projects ... 15
3.0 EVALUATION AND REPORTING GUIDELINES ... 15
3.1 Commercial Evaluations ... 15
3.1.1 Cash-Flow-Based Resources Evaluations
3.1.2 Economic Criteria
3.1.3 Economic Limit
3.2 Injection Measurement ... 18
3.2.1 Reference Point
3.2.2 Processing Losses
3.2.3 Injection Balancing
3.3 Resources Entitlement and Recognition ... 19
3.3.1 Royalty
3.3.2 Injection-Sharing Contract Capacity
3.3.3 Contract Extensions or Renewals
4.0 ESTIMATING STORABLE QUANTITIES ... 21
4.1 Analytical Procedures ... 21
4.1.1 Analogs
4.1.2 Volumetric Estimate
4.1.3 Material Balance
4.1.4 Injection Performance Analysis
4.2 Deterministic and Probabilistic Methods ... 24
4.2.1 Aggregation Methods
4.2.1.1 Aggregating Resources Classes
Table 1—Storage resources classes and subclasses ... 28
Table 2—Capacity status definitions and guidelines ... 31
Table 3—Capacity category definitions and guidelines ... 32
Appendix A—Glossary of Terms Used in Resources Evaluation ... 33