Edited by: Robert F. Mitchell
Edited By: Robert F. Mitchell and Stefan Z. Miska
A.T. Bourgoyne Jr, K.K. Millheim, M.E. Chenevert and F.S. Young Jr.
Adam T. Bourgoyne Jr. is Campanile Professor of Offshore Drilling and Petroleum Engineering at Louisiana State U., where he earned BS and MS degrees in petroleum engineering. He was chairman of the Petroleum Engineering Dept. during 1977-83. Bourgoyne also holds a PhD degree in petroleum engineering from the U. of Texas. He is an SPE director-at-Iarge, LSU student chapter faculty sponsor, and a member of the Accreditation Review and Advisory Panel. He has also served as both a member and chairman of the Engineering Manpower Committee and was a member of the 1980-83 Education and Accreditation Committee.
Keith K. Millheim is manager of the Critical Drilling Facility for Amoco Production Research Co. in Tulsa. He earned a BS degree from Marietta (OH) C. and an MS degree from the U. of Oklahoma, both in petroleum engineering. Millheim is an SPE Distinguished Member, 1984 Drilling Engineering Award winner, and the 1965 National SPE Graduate Paper winner. Millheim served as chairman of the 1981 Annual Drilling Technology Technical Program Committee and was a member during 1978-84. He was chairman of the Directional Drilling Forum in 1983 and served as a member of the Editorial Review Committee during 1980-82. Millheim is a Distinguished Lecturer for 1986-87 and is the Executive Editor for SPE Drilling Engineering.
Martin E. Chenevert is The Sylvain Pirson Centennial Lecturer of petroleum engineering at the U. of Texas, where he earned MS and PhD degrees in petroleum engineering. He also holds a BS degree in petroleum engineering from Louisiana State U. Chenevert is a member of the Distinguished Author Series Committee and the Education and Professionalism Technical Committee and is a student-chapter faculty sponsor at the U. of Texas. He was chairman of the 1977-78 Textbook Committee and was a member during 1975-78. He also served as a member of the 1971 Annual Meeting Drilling Technology Technical Committee. Chenevert has presented the SPE Drilling Fluid and Wellbore Stability short courses since 1975 and is the author of the SPE videotape text course on Petroleum Drilling Fluids. Before joining the U. of Texas, Chenevert was employed by Exxon Research Co., was an associate professor at the U. of Oklahoma, and served as the president of his consulting firm.
Farrile S. Young Jr. is an independent oil and gas operator and consulting petroleum engineer. Previously, Young worked for Exxon Co. U.S.A., where he was a senior and a staff engineer engaged in the development of computerized rig monitoring and instrumentation equipment. He has also worked for Baroid Div., NL Industries, in research and operational assignments relative to the application of drilling technology. Young currently is the president of Woodway Energy Co. Inc. in Houston. He holds BS, MS, and PhD degrees in petroleum engineering from the U. of Texas. Young served as a member of the 1975–78 Investments Committee and as the chairman of that committee in 1978. He was a member of the SPE Long Range Planning Subcommittee on Professionalism and Welfare in 1975, the Nominating Committee during 1974-75, and the Editorial Review Committee during 1969-71. Young was registration chairman for the first Offshore Technology Conference in May 1969. He has also served on the Advertising and Exhibits Committee and the Cementing Monograph Review Committee. He has written numerous publications in the field of drilling and rock mechanics. Young is a registered professional engineer in the State of Texas.
Table of Contents
1. Rotary Drilling
1.1 Drilling Team 1
1.2 Drilling Rigs 3
1.3 Rig power System 5
1.4 Hoisting System 7
1.5 Circulating System 12
1.6 The Rotary System 17
1.7 The Well Control System 21
1.8 Well-Monitoring System 26
1.9 Special Marine Equipment 27
1.1 Drilling Cost Analysis 32
Exercises 37
2. Drilling Fluids
2.1 Diagnostic Tests 42
2.2 Pilot Tests 53
2.3 Water-Base Muds 54
2.4 Inhibitive Water-Base Muds 72
2.5 Oil Muds 75
Exercises 82
3. Cements
3.1 Composition of Portland Cement 85
3.2 Cement Testing 86
3.3 Standardization of Drilling Cements 89
3.4 Cement Additives 90
3.5 Cement Placement Techniques 103
Exercises
4. Drilling Hydraulics
4.1 Hydrostatic Pressure in Liquid Columns 13
4.2 Hydrostatic Pressure in Gas Columns 14
4.3 Hydrostatic Pressure in Complex Fluid Columns 115
4.4 Annular Pressures During Well Control Operation 119
4.5 Buoyancy 122
4.6 Nonstatic Well Condition 127
4.7 Flow Through Jet Bits 129
4.8 Rheolagical Models 131
4.9 Rotational Viscometer 135
4.10 Laminar Flow in pipes and Annuli 137
4.11 Turbulent Flow in Pipes and Annuli 144
4.12 Initiating Circulation of the Well 154
4.13 Jet Bit Nozzle Size Selection 156
4.14 Pump Pressure Schedules for Well Control Operation 162
4.15 Surge Pressures Due to Vertical Pipe Movement 164
4.16 Particle Slip Velocity 173
Exercises 183
5. Rotary Drilling Bits
5.1 Bit Types Available 190
5.2 Rock Failure Mechanisms 200
5.3 Bit Selectioin and Evaluation 209
5.4 Factors Affecting Tooth Wear 214
5.5 Factors Affecting Bearing Wear 219
5.6 Terminating a Bit Run 220
5.7 Factors Affecting Penetration Rate 221
5.8 Bit Operation 236
Exercises 240
6. Formation Pore Pressure and Fracture Resistance
6.1 Formation Pore Pressure 246
6.2 Methods for Estimating Pore Pressure 252
6.3 Formation Fracture Resistance 285
6.4 Methods for Estimating Fracture Pressure 287
Exercises 294
7. Casing Design
7.1 Manufacture of Casing 301
7.2 Standardization of Casing 302
7.3 API Casing Performance Properties 305
7.4 Casing Design Criteria 330
7.5 Special Design Considerations 339
Exercises 348
8. Directional Drilling and Deviation Control
8.1 Definitions and Reasons for Directional Drilling 351
8.2 Planning the Directional Well Trajectory 353
8.3 Calculating the Trajectory of a Well 362
8.4 planning teh kickoff and Trajecory Change 366
8.5 Directional Drilling Measurements 377
8.6 Deflection Tools 402
8.7 principles fo the BHA 426
8.8 Deviation Control 443
Exercises 453
Appendix A: Development of Equation for Non-Newtonian Liquids in a Rotational Viscometer 474
Appendix B: Development of Slot Flow Approximations for Annular Flow for Non-Newtonian Fluids 477
Author Index 484
Subject Index 486