Foreword vii
Acknowledgments ix
1. Reservoir Engineering 1
1.1 Volume Calculations 1
1.2 Drive Mechanisms 10
1.3 Stages of Production 12
1.4 Well Performance 16
1.5 Secondary Recovery Processes 19
1.6 Tertiary Recovery Processes 28
1.7 Reserves Estimations 29
1.8 Unconventional Reservoirs 33
2. Drilling Engineering 41
2.1 General Information 41
2.2 Geomechanics 42
2.3 Drilling Fluids 43
2.4 Fluid Mechanics 46
2.5 Well Control 47
2.6 Drilling Mechanics 50
2.7 Tubular Mechanics 54
2.8 Casing Design 54
2.9 Cementing 56
2.10 Well Planning 58
3. Formation Evaluation 75
3.1 Archie’s Water Saturation 75
3.2 Formation Resistivity Factor 75
3.3 Flushed-Zone Water Saturation 76
3.4 Porosity Calculations From Sonic Data 76
3.5 Young’s Modulus 76
3.6 Bulk Modulus 77
3.7 Shear Modulus 77
3.8 Poisson’s Ratio 77
3.9 D-Exponent 78
3.10 Porosity/Bulk Density 78
3.11 Saturation 79
3.12 Skin Calculations 81
3.13 Horizontal Flow Influx Equations 84
4. Production Engineering 111
4.1 Inflow/Outflow Performance 111
4.2 Impact of Length and Force Changes to the Tubing String 114
4.3 Tubing Design 115
4.4 Perforating 118
4.5 Acidizing 119
4.6 Fracturing 120
4.7 Well Production Problems 122
4.8 Artificial Lift 124
5. Facilities 139
5.1 Separation Units 139
5.2 Treating and Processing Units 142
5.3 Pumps 146
5.4 Compressors 149
5.5 Pipelines 153
5.6 Flow Measurements Units 161
5.7 Storage Facilities 167
6. Petroleum Economics 179
6.1 Valuation of Oil and Gas Reserves 179
6.2 Reservoir Management 180
6.3 Investment Decision Analysis 182
6.4 Risk Analysis 183
7. Conversion Factors 189
Length 189
Mass 189
Force 189
Gravitational Acceleration 189
Pressure 190
Volume 190
Density 190
Velocity 190
Temperature 190
Energy 190
Power 190
Gas Constant 190
Viscosity 190
Constants 191
References and Additional Reading 192
Index 195